Do You Know Da Wae Cosplay

Type of performance fine art

Cosplay, a portmanteau of "costume play", is an activity and functioning fine art in which participants called cosplayers clothing costumes and fashion accessories to represent a specific character.^[1] Cosplayers often interact to create a subculture, and a broader use of the term "cosplay" applies to whatever costumed role-playing in venues apart from the stage. Any entity that lends itself to dramatic interpretation may be taken up as a subject. Favorite sources include anime, cartoons, comic books, manga, television serial, and video games. The term is composed of the two aforementioned counterparts - costume and role play.

Cosplay grew out of the practice of fan costuming at science fiction conventions, offset with Morojo'due south "futuristicostumes" created for the 1st World Scientific discipline Fiction Convention held in New York Metropolis in 1939. The Japanese term "cosplay" ( コスプレ , kosupure ) was coined in 1984. A rapid growth in the number of people cosplaying as a hobby since the 1990s has made the phenomenon a significant aspect of popular culture in Japan, as well as in other parts of East asia and in the Western world. Cosplay events are common features of fan conventions, and today in that location are many dedicated conventions and competitions, as well as social networks, websites, and other forms of media centered on cosplay activities. Cosplay is very popular among all genders, and it is not unusual to see crossplay, also referred to as gender-bending.

Etymology [edit]

The term "cosplay" is a Japanese portmanteau of the English terms costume and play.^[ane] The term was coined by Nobuyuki Takahashi of Studio Hard^[2] subsequently he attended the 1984 World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon) in Los Angeles^[3] and saw costumed fans, which he later wrote nigh in an commodity for the Japanese magazine My Anime.^[two] Takahashi decided to coin a new discussion rather than use the existing translation of the English term "masquerade" because that translates into Japanese as "an aloof costume", which did not match his feel of the Worldcon.^{[4] [5]} The coinage reflects a mutual Japanese method of abridgement in which the start two moras of a pair of words are used to form an independent chemical compound: 'costume' becomes kosu (コス) and 'play' becomes pure (プレ).

History [edit]

Pre-20th century [edit]

Masquerade balls were a characteristic of the Funfair season in the 15th century, and involved increasingly elaborate allegorical Regal Entries, pageants, and triumphal processions celebrating marriages and other dynastic events of belatedly medieval courtroom life. They were extended into costumed public festivities in Italy during the 16th century Renaissance, generally elaborate dances held for members of the upper classes, which were specially pop in Venice.

Costume parties (American English) or fancy dress parties (British English) were popular from the 19th century onwards. Costuming guides of the period, such equally Samuel Miller's Male Grapheme Costumes (1884)^[6] or Ardern Holt's Fancy Dresses Described (1887),^[seven] characteristic by and large generic costumes, whether that be period costumes, national costumes, objects or abstruse concepts such as "Fall" or "Night". Most specific costumes described therein are for historical figures although some are sourced from fiction, like The 3 Musketeers or Shakespeare characters.

By March 1891, a literal phone call past one Herbert Tibbits for what would today exist described every bit "cosplayers" was advertised for an result held from March v–10 that year at the Purple Albert Hall in London, for the so-named Vril-Ya Bazaar and Fete based on a scientific discipline fiction novel and its characters, published ii decades earlier.^[viii]

Fan costuming [edit]

A Mr. Skygack – an early modern costuming or cosplay outfit, Washington state, 1912^{[9] [ten] [11]}

A.D. Condo'due south science fiction comic strip graphic symbol Mr. Skygack, from Mars (a Martian ethnographer who comically misunderstands many Earthly affairs) is arguably the first fictional character that people emulated by wearing costumes, every bit in 1908 Mr. and Mrs. William Brutal of Cincinnati, Ohio are reported to have attended a masquerade at a skating rink wearing Mr. Skygack and Miss Dillpickles costumes. Later, in 1910, an unnamed woman won first prize at masquerade ball in Tacoma, Washington wearing another Skygack costume.^{[12] [13]}

The showtime people to habiliment costumes to nourish a convention were science fiction fans Forrest J Ackerman and Myrtle R. Douglas, known in fandom as Morojo. They attended the 1939 1st World Science Fiction Convention (Nycon or 1st Worldcon) in the Caravan Hall, New York, USA dressed in "futuristicostumes", including light-green cape and breeches, based on the pulp mag artwork of Frank R. Paul and the 1936 motion-picture show Things to Come, designed and created by Douglas.^{[xiii] [14] [15]}

Ackerman later on stated that he thought everyone was supposed to vesture a costume at a science fiction convention, although but he and Douglas did.^[16]

Fan costuming caught on, nevertheless, and the 2nd Worldcon (1940) had both an unofficial masquerade held in Douglas' room and an official masquerade as part of the plan.^{[3] [17] [18]} David Kyle won the masquerade wearing a Ming the Merciless costume created by Leslie Perri, while Robert A. Westward. Lowndes received 2nd place with a Bar Senestro costume (from the novel The Bullheaded Spot by Austin Hall and Homer Eon Flint).^[17] Other costumed attendees included guest of honor E. E. Smith equally Northwest Smith (from C. L. Moore'due south series of short stories) and both Ackerman and Douglas wearing their futuristicostumes again.^{[16] [17]} Masquerades and costume balls continued to be part of World Science Fiction Convention tradition thereafter.^[18] Early Worldcon masquerade balls featured a band, dancing, food and drinks. Contestants either walked across a stage or a cleared area of the dance floor.^[18]

Ackerman wore a "Hunchbackerman of Notre Dame" costume to the tertiary Worldcon (1941), which included a mask designed and created by Ray Harryhausen, but soon stopped wearing costumes to conventions.^[16] Douglas wore an Akka costume (from A. Merritt'southward novel The Moon Puddle), the mask again made by Harryhausen, to the 3rd Worldcon and a Serpent Female parent costume (another Merritt costume, from The Snake Mother) to the fourth Worldcon (1946).^[19] Terminology was however unsettled; the 1944 edition of Jack Speer's Fancyclopedia used the term costume party.^[20]

Rules governing costumes became established in response to specific costumes and costuming trends. The first nude contestant at a Worldcon masquerade was in 1952; but the summit of this trend was in the 1970s and early 1980s, with a few every yr.^[18] This somewhen led to "No Costume is No Costume" dominion, which banned full nudity, although fractional nudity was still allowed as long equally it was a legitimate representation of the grapheme.^[thirteen] Mike Resnick describes the best of the nude costumes as Kris Lundi wearing a harpy costume to the 32nd Worldcon (1974) (she received an honorable mention in the contest).^{[18] [21] [22]} Another costume that instigated a rule change was an attendee at the 20th Worldcon (1962) whose blaster prop fired a jet of existent flame; which led to fire beingness banned.^[18] At the 30th WorldCon (1972), artist Scott Shaw wore a costume composed largely of peanut butter to correspond his own clandestine comix character called "The Turd". The peanut butter rubbed off, doing damage to soft effects and other peoples' costumes, and then began to go rancid under the heat of the lighting. Food, odious, and messy substances were banned as costume elements subsequently that issue.^{[eighteen] [23] [24] [25]}

Costuming spread with the science fiction conventions and the interaction of fandom. The primeval known instance of costuming at a convention in the United Kingdom was at the London Science Fiction Convention (1953) but this was only as part of a play. Even so, members of the Liverpool Science Fantasy Order attended the 1st Cytricon (1955), in Kettering, wearing costumes and continued to do so in subsequent years.^[26] The 15th Worldcon (1957) brought the first official convention masquerade to the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland.^[26] The 1960 Eastercon in London may have been the start British-based convention to hold an official fancy dress party equally function of its programme.^[27] The joint winners were Ethel Lindsay and Ina Shorrock as two of the titular witches from the novel The Witches of Karres by James H. Schmitz.^[28]

Star Trek conventions began in 1969 and major conventions began in 1972 and they have featured cosplay throughout.^[29]

In Japan, costuming at conventions was a fan activity from at least the 1970s, particularly after the launch of the Comiket convention in December 1975.^[13] Costuming at this time was known equally kasō ( 仮装 ).^[13] The first documented case of costuming at a fan event in Japan was at Ashinocon (1978), in Hakone, at which futurity science fiction critic Mari Kotani wore a costume based on the cover art for Edgar Rice Burroughs' novel A Fighting Man of Mars.^{[Notes 1] [30] [31]} In an interview Kotani states that there were about twenty costumed attendees at the convention'southward costume party—made upwardly of members of her Triton of the Body of water fan social club and Kansai Entertainers ( 関西芸人 , Kansai Geinin ), antecedent of the Gainax anime studio—with most attendees in ordinary vesture.^[thirty] One of the Kansai group, an unnamed friend of Yasuhiro Takeda, wore an impromptu Tusken Raider costume (from the film Star Wars) fabricated from i of the host-hotel's rolls of toilet newspaper.^[32] Costume contests became a permanent function of the Nihon SF Taikai conventions from Tokon VII in 1980.

Mayhap the first costume contest held at a comic book convention was at the 1st Academy Con held at Broadway Central Hotel, New York in August 1965.^[33] Roy Thomas, future editor-in-main of Curiosity Comics merely then just transitioning from a fanzine editor to a professional comic book author, attended in a Plastic Man costume.^[33]

The first Masquerade Ball held at San Diego Comic-Con was in 1974 during the convention's 6th consequence. Voice extra June Foray was the principal of ceremonies.^[34] Future scream queen Brinke Stevens won first place wearing a Vampirella costume.^{[35] [36]} Forrest J Ackerman, the creator of Vampirella, was in attendance and posed with Stevens for photographs. They became friends and, according to Stevens "Forry and his wife, Wendayne, soon became like my god parents."^[37] Photographer Dan Golden saw a photograph of Stevens in the Vampirella costume while visiting Ackerman's house, leading to him hiring her for a non-speaking role in her offset student film, Zyzak is King (1980), and afterwards photographing her for the encompass of the first issue of Femme Fatales (1992).^[37] Stevens attributes these events to launching her acting career.^[37]

As early as a year after the 1975 release of The Rocky Horror Picture Show, audience members began dressing as characters from the movie and role-playing (although the initial incentive for dressing-upward was complimentary access) in oftentimes highly accurate costumes.^{[38] [39]}

Costume-Con, a conference dedicated to costuming, was start held in January 1983.^{[40] [41]} The International Costumers Guild, Inc., originally known as the Greater Columbia Fantasy Costumer's Guild, was launched later on the 3rd Costume-Con (1985) as a parent organization and to support costuming.^[40]

Cosplay [edit]

Costuming had been a fan activeness in Nihon from the 1970s, and it became much more than popular in the wake of Takahashi's report. The new term did non catch on immediately, however. Information technology was a twelvemonth or 2 after the commodity was published before information technology was in common use among fans at conventions.^[thirteen] Information technology was in the 1990s, after exposure on boob tube and in magazines, that the term and practice of cosplaying became common knowledge in Japan.^[xiii]

The outset cosplay cafés appeared in the Akihabara area of Tokyo in the late 1990s.^{[3] [42]} A temporary maid café was ready up at the Tokyo Character Drove consequence in Baronial 1998 to promote the video game Welcome to Pia Carrot 2 (1997).^[42] An occasional Pia Carrot Eating place was held at the shop Gamers in Akihabara in the years up to 2000.^[42] Being linked to specific intellectual properties express the lifespan of these cafés, which was solved by using generic maids, leading to the first permanent establishment, Cure Maid Café, which opened in March 2001.^[42]

The first World Cosplay Summit was held on October 12, 2003 at the Rose Court Hotel in Nagoya, Japan, with five cosplayers invited from Germany, France and Italian republic. At that place was no competition until 2005, when the Earth Cosplay Championship began. The commencement winners were the Italian team of Giorgia Vecchini, Francesca Dani and Emilia Fata Livia.

Worldcon masquerade attendance peaked in the 1980s and started to autumn thereafter. This trend was reversed when the concept of cosplay was re-imported from Japan.

Practice of cosplay [edit]

Cosplay costumes vary greatly and can range from simple themed clothing to highly detailed costumes. It is generally considered dissimilar from Halloween and Mardi Gras costume habiliment, as the intention is to replicate a specific graphic symbol, rather than to reflect the culture and symbolism of a holiday issue. As such, when in costume, some cosplayers often seek to adopt the touch, mannerisms, and body language of the characters they portray (with "out of grapheme" breaks). The characters chosen to exist cosplayed may exist sourced from any motion-picture show, Goggle box series, book, comic book, video game, music band, anime, or manga. Some cosplayers even choose to cosplay an original character of their ain design or a fusion of different genres (e.chiliad., a steampunk version of a character), and it is a part of the ethos of cosplay that anybody can be annihilation, as with genderbending, crossplay, or elevate, a cosplayer playing a character of some other ethnicity, or a hijabi portraying Captain America.^{[43] [44]}

Costumes [edit]

Monogatari series cosplayers at Nippombashi Street Festa 2014

Cosplayers obtain their dress through many different methods. Manufacturers produce and sell packaged outfits for use in cosplay, with varying levels of quality. These costumes are often sold online, only also tin can be purchased from dealers at conventions. Japanese manufacturers of cosplay costumes reported a profit of 35 billion yen in 2008.^[45] A number of individuals likewise piece of work on commission, creating custom costumes, props, or wigs designed and fitted to the individual. Other cosplayers, who prefer to create their own costumes, still provide a market for individual elements, and various raw materials, such as unstyled wigs, hair dye, cloth and sewing notions, liquid latex, body pigment, costume jewelry, and prop weapons.

Cosplay represents an human action of embodiment. Cosplay has been closely linked to the presentation of self,^[46] all the same cosplayers' ability to perform is limited by their physical features. The accuracy of a cosplay is judged based on the ability to accurately represent a graphic symbol through the body, and individual cosplayers frequently are faced by their own "bodily limits"^[47] such as level of bewitchery, body size, and disability^[48] that often restrict and confine how accurate the cosplay is perceived to be. Authenticity is measured by a cosplayer's private ability to translate on-screen manifestation to the cosplay itself. Some take argued that cosplay can never be a true representation of the grapheme; instead, it can only exist read through the torso, and that true embodiment of a character is judged based on nearness to the original grapheme form.^[49] Cosplaying can also help some of those with self-esteem bug.^{[l] [51]}

Many cosplayers create their own outfits, referencing images of the characters in the process. In the cosmos of the outfits, much time is given to detail and qualities, thus the skill of a cosplayer may be measured by how difficult the details of the outfit are and how well they have been replicated. Because of the difficulty of replicating some details and materials, cosplayers often brainwash themselves in crafting specialties such every bit textiles, sculpture, face pigment, fiberglass, fashion design, woodworking, and other uses of materials in the try to return the look and texture of a costume accurately.^[52] Cosplayers oftentimes wear wigs in conjunction with their outfit to further improve the resemblance to the graphic symbol. This is specially necessary for anime and manga or video-game characters who frequently accept unnaturally colored and uniquely styled hair. Simpler outfits may be compensated for their lack of complexity past paying attending to material choice and overall loftier quality.

To look more like the characters they are portraying, cosplayers might also appoint in various forms of body modification. Cosplayers may opt to change their pare color utilizing make-up to more simulate the race of the graphic symbol they are adopting.^[53] Contact lenses that friction match the colour of their character's eyes are a common form of this, especially in the case of characters with particularly unique eyes as function of their trademark look. Contact lenses that make the pupil look enlarged to visually echo the large eyes of anime and manga characters are also used.^[54] Another form of torso modification in which cosplayers engage is to copy any tattoos or special markings their graphic symbol might have. Temporary tattoos, permanent marking, trunk paint, and in rare cases, permanent tattoos, are all methods used by cosplayers to achieve the desired look. Permanent and temporary hair dye, spray-in hair coloring, and specialized extreme styling products are all used by some cosplayers whose natural hair can attain the desired hairstyle. It is also commonplace for them to shave off their eyebrows to gain a more accurate look.

Some anime and video game characters have weapons or other accessories that are hard to replicate, and conventions have strict rules regarding those weapons, but virtually cosplayers engage in some combination of methods to obtain all the items necessary for their costumes; for example, they may commission a prop weapon, run up their own clothing, buy grapheme jewelry from a cosplay accessory manufacturer, or buy a pair of off-the-rack shoes, and modify them to lucifer the desired look.

Presentation [edit]

Cosplay may be presented in a number of ways and places. A subset of cosplay civilisation is centered on sexual activity entreatment, with cosplayers specifically choosing characters known for their attractiveness or revealing costumes. However, wearing a revealing costume tin be a sensitive issue while actualization in public.^{[55] [56] [57]} People actualization naked at American scientific discipline fiction fandom conventions during the 1970s were so common, a "no costume is no costume" rule was introduced.^[58] Some conventions throughout the U.s., such as Phoenix Comicon^[59] (now known as Phoenix Fan Fusion) and Penny Arcade Expo,^[lx] accept also issued rules upon which they reserve the right to ask attendees to leave or alter their costumes if deemed to be inappropriate to a family-friendly environment or something of a similar nature.

Conventions [edit]

A crowd including many cosplayers at Comiket 84 in 2013

The well-nigh popular grade of presenting a cosplay publicly is by wearing it to a fan convention. Multiple conventions dedicated to anime and manga, comics, Telly shows, video games, scientific discipline fiction, and fantasy may be found all around the world. Cosplay-centered conventions include Cosplay Mania in the Philippines and EOY Cosplay Festival in Singapore.

The single largest upshot featuring cosplay is the semiannual doujinshi market, Comic Market place (Comiket), held in Japan during summer and winter. Comiket attracts hundreds of thousands of manga and anime fans, where thousands of cosplayers congregate on the roof of the exhibition heart. In Due north America, the highest-attended fan conventions featuring cosplayers are the San Diego Comic-Con and New York Comic Con held in the United States, and the anime-specific Anime North in Toronto, Otakon held in Baltimore Md and Anime Expo held in Los Angeles. Europe's largest issue is Japan Expo held in Paris, while the London MCM Expo and the London Super Comic Convention are the well-nigh notable in the UK. Supanova Popular Culture Expo is Commonwealth of australia's biggest outcome.

Star Trek conventions have featured cosplay for many decades. These include Destination Star Trek, a UK convention, and Star Trek Las Vegas, a U.s.a. convention.

In different comic fairs, "Thematic Areas" are set up where cosplayers can take photos in an environment that follows that of the game or blitheness production from which they are taken. Sometimes the cosplayers are part of the area, playing the role of staff with the job of entertaining the other visitors. Some examples are the thematic areas dedicated to Star Wars or to Fallout. The areas are fix by not for turn a profit associations of fans, simply in some major fairs information technology is possible to visit areas fix directly by the developers of the video games or the producers of the anime.

Photography [edit]

Professional photographers working with Mileena cosplayer for a chroma fundamental studio photoshoot at Space City Con 2014 in the United States

The appearance of cosplayers at public events makes them a popular draw for photographers.^[61] As this became credible in the late 1980s, a new variant of cosplay developed in which cosplayers attended events mainly for the purpose of modeling their characters for nonetheless photography rather than engaging in continuous role play. Rules of etiquette were developed to minimize awkward situations involving boundaries. Cosplayers pose for photographers and photographers do not press them for personal contact information or private sessions, follow them out of the surface area, or take photos without permission. The rules allow the collaborative human relationship between photographers and cosplayers to continue with the least inconvenience to each other.^[62]

Some cosplayers choose to have a professional photographer take high quality images of them in their costumes posing as the graphic symbol. Cosplayers and photographers frequently exhibit their work online and sometimes sell their images.^[61]

Competitions [edit]

As the popularity of cosplay has grown, many conventions have come to feature a competition surrounding cosplay that may exist the principal feature of the convention. Contestants nowadays their cosplay, and often to be judged for an award, the cosplay must be cocky-made. The contestants may choose to perform a skit, which may consist of a short performed script or trip the light fantastic toe with optional accompanying audio, video, or images shown on a screen overhead. Other contestants may simply choose to pose equally their characters. Ofttimes, contestants are briefly interviewed on stage past a master of ceremonies. The audition is given a run a risk to take photos of the cosplayers. Cosplayers may compete solo or in a group. Awards are presented, and these awards may vary greatly. Generally, a all-time cosplayer award, a best group award, and runner-up prizes are given. Awards may too go to the all-time skit and a number of cosplay skill subcategories, such every bit principal tailor, master weapon-maker, master armorer, then along.

The most well-known cosplay contest result is the World Cosplay Summit, selecting cosplayers from 40 countries to compete in the last circular in Nagoya, Nihon. Some other international events include European Cosplay Gathering (finals taking place at Japan Expo in Paris, France),^[63] EuroCosplay (finals taking place at London MCM Comic Con),^[64] and the Nordic Cosplay Championship (finals taking place at NärCon in Linköping, Sweden).^[65]

Common Cosplay Judging Criteria [edit]

This table contains a list of the nearly common cosplay contest judging criteria, equally seen from World Cosplay Summit,^[66] Cyprus Comic Con,^[67] and ReplayFX.^[68]

Criteria	Clarification	Example
Accuracy	Resemblance to the original grapheme in terms of appearance.	Hair colour/styling Make-up Costume Props Phase props
Craftsmanship	Quality and details of the costume and props.	How well the costume is made Maneuverability/functionality of the costume Quality of materials Level of detail Amount of effort Per centum of costume that is handmade Technique
Presentation	Likeliness in terms of character portrayal and performance.	Acting Posture Motion Talking with iconic phrases and tones of the character Facial expressions Interaction with other characters Faithfulness to the story
Audience Affect	Stage presence and connection with the audience.	Middle contact Making full usage of the phase space Engaging with the audition

Gender issues [edit]

Portraying a character of the opposite sex is chosen crossplay. The practicality of crossplay and cross-dress stems in part from the abundance in manga of male characters with fragile and somewhat androgynous features. Such characters, known every bit bishōnen (lit. "pretty male child"),^[69] are Asian equivalent of the elfin boy classic represented in Western tradition past figures such equally Peter Pan and Ariel.^[seventy]

Male to female person cosplayers may experience problems when trying to portray a female character because it is hard to maintain the sexualized femininity of a character. Male person cosplayers may likewise be subjected to discrimination,^[71] including homophobic comments and being touched without permission. This affects men possibly fifty-fifty more than often than information technology affects women, despite inappropriate contact already being a problem for women who cosplay,^[72] as is "slut-shaming".^[73]

Animegao kigurumi players, a niche group in the realm of cosplay, are oftentimes male cosplayers who use zentai and stylized masks to represent female anime characters. These cosplayers completely hide their real features then the original advent of their characters may be reproduced as literally as possible, and to brandish all the abstractions and stylizations such every bit oversized optics and tiny mouths often seen in Japanese drawing art.^[74] This does not mean that only males perform animegao or that masks are only female.

Harassment issues [edit]

"Cosplay Is Not Consent" sign at the 2014 New York Comic Con.

"Cosplay Is Not Consent", a movement started in 2013 by Rochelle Keyhan, Erin Filson, and Anna Kegler, brought to the mainstream, the effect of sexual harassment in the convention attention cosplay customs.^{[75] [76]} Harassment of cosplayers include photography without permission, verbal abuse, touching, and groping. Harassment is not limited to women in provocative outfits as male cosplayers talked about existence bullied for not fitting certain costume and characters.

Starting in 2014, New York Comic Con placed big signs at the entrance stating that "Cosplay is Not Consent". Attendees were reminded to ask permission for photos and respect the person's right to say no.^[77] The motion against sexual harassment against cosplayers has continued to gain momentum and awareness since being publicized. Traditional mainstream news media like Mercury News and Los Angeles Times have reported on the topic, bringing awareness of sexual harassment to those outside of the cosplay community.^{[78] [79]}

Ethnicity issues [edit]

As cosplay has entered more mainstream media, ethnicity becomes a controversial indicate. Cosplayers of unlike skin color than the character are often ridiculed for not being 'accurate' or 'faithful'.^[lxxx] Many cosplayers feel equally if anyone tin cosplay whatsoever character, but it becomes complicated when cosplayers are not respectful of the character's ethnicity.^[81] Issues such as blackface, brownface, and yellowface are nonetheless controversial since a large part of the cosplay community meet these as carve up problems, or simply an acceptable part of cosplay. Ethnicity remains a polarizing topic today, as discussion continues in person and online.

Cosplay models [edit]

Cosplay has influenced the advertizing manufacture, in which cosplayers are ofttimes used for event work previously assigned to agency models.^[61] Some cosplayers accept thus transformed their hobby into assisting, professional careers.^{[82] [83] [84]} Japan'southward entertainment industry has been home to the professional cosplayers since the rise of Comiket and Tokyo Game Testify.^[61] The miracle is most apparent in Japan but exists to some degree in other countries as well. Professional cosplayers who turn a profit from their art may experience issues related to copyright infringement.^[85]

A cosplay model, also known equally a cosplay idol, cosplays costumes for anime and manga or video game companies. Skillful cosplayers are viewed every bit fictional characters in the mankind, in much the same way that film actors come to be identified in the public mind with specific roles. Cosplayers have modeled for impress magazines like Cosmode and a successful cosplay model can become the brand ambassador for companies similar Cospa. Some cosplay models can achieve significant recognition. While there are many significant cosplay models, Yaya Han, for instance, was described as having emerged "every bit a well-recognized figure both inside and exterior cosplay circuits".^[83] Along with Jessica Nigri, who used her recognition in cosplay to gain other opportunities such as voice acting and getting her ain documentary on Rooster Teeth.

Cosplay past country or region [edit]

Cosplay in Nippon [edit]

Cosplayers in Japan used to refer to themselves as reiyā ( レイヤー ), pronounced "layer". Currently in Japan, cosplayers are more usually chosen kosupure ( コスプレ ), pronounced "ko-su-pray," as reiyā is more often used to depict layers (i.due east. hair, apparel, etc.).^[86] Words similar cute (kawaii (可愛い)) and cool (kakko ī (かっこ いい)) were ofttimes used to describe these changes,^{[ further explanation needed ]} expressions that were tied with notions of femininity and masculinity.^[87] Those who photograph players are called cameko, brusk for photographic camera kozō or camera boy. Originally, the cameko gave prints of their photos to players as gifts. Increased interest in cosplay events, both on the part of photographers and cosplayers willing to model for them, has led to formalization of procedures at events such as Comiket. Photography takes place within a designated area removed from the exhibit hall. In Japan, costumes are mostly non welcome outside of conventions or other designated areas.^{[4] [five]}

Since 1998, Tokyo'southward Akihabara district contains a number of cosplay restaurants, catering to devoted anime and cosplay fans, where the waitresses at such cafés clothes as video game or anime characters; maid cafés are particularly popular. In Japan, Tokyo'southward Harajuku district is the favorite informal gathering place to engage in cosplay in public. Events in Akihabara besides depict many cosplayers.

Ishoku-hada ( 異色肌 ) is a grade of Japanese cosplay where the players utilize trunk paint to brand their skin color match that of the graphic symbol they are playing. This allows them to represent anime or video game characters with non-homo skin colors.^[88]

A 2014 survey for the Comic Market place convention in Japan noted that approximately 75% of cosplayers attending the event are female.^[89]

Cosplay in other Asian countries [edit]

Cosplay is mutual in many E Asian countries. For example, it is a major function of the Comic World conventions taking place regularly in Republic of korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan.^[90] Historically, the practice of dressing upwards as characters from works of fiction can be traced as far as the 17th century belatedly Ming Dynasty Red china.^[91]

Cosplay in Western countries [edit]

Western cosplay's origins are based primarily in scientific discipline fiction and fantasy fandoms. It is likewise more than mutual for Western cosplayers to recreate characters from live-action series than it is for Japanese cosplayers. Western costumers also include subcultures of hobbyists who participate in Renaissance faires, live action role-playing games, and historical reenactments. Competition at science fiction conventions typically include the masquerade (where costumes are presented on stage and judged formally) and hall costumes^[92] (where roving judges may give out awards for outstanding workmanship or presentation).^[93]

The increasing popularity of Japanese blitheness outside of Asia during the tardily 2000s led to an increase in American and other Western cosplayers who portray manga and anime characters. Anime conventions have get more numerous in the W in the previous decade, now competing with scientific discipline fiction, comic book and historical conferences in attendance. At these gatherings, cosplayers, like their Japanese counterparts, come across to show off their piece of work, exist photographed, and compete in costume contests.^[94] Convention attendees too just every bit frequently wearing apparel up as Western comic book or animated characters, or every bit characters from movies and video games.

Differences in taste still exist across cultures: some costumes that are worn without hesitation by Japanese cosplayers tend to be avoided past Western cosplayers, such as outfits that evoke Nazi uniforms. Some Western cosplayers have likewise encountered questions of legitimacy when playing characters of canonically different racial backgrounds,^{[95] [96]} and people tin can be insensitive to cosplayers playing as characters who are canonically of other skin color.^{[97] [98]} Western cosplayers of anime characters may likewise be subjected to particular mockery.^[99]

In contrast to Nippon, the wearing of costumes in public is more accepted in the U.s. and other western countries. These countries have a longer tradition of Halloween costumes, fan costuming and other such activities. Equally a issue, for example, costumed convention attendees tin can often be seen at local restaurants and eateries, beyond the boundaries of the convention or event.^{[4] [5]}

Media [edit]

Magazines and books [edit]

Japan is dwelling house to ii especially popular cosplay magazines, Cosmode (コスモード) and ASCII Media Works' Dengeki Layers (電撃Layers).^[100] Cosmode has the largest share in the market and an English-language digital edition.^[101] Another magazine, aimed at a broader, worldwide audition is CosplayGen.^[102] In the U.s., Cosplay Civilisation began publication in Feb 2015.^[103] Other magazines include CosplayZine featuring cosplayers from all over the globe since October 2015,^[104] and Cosplay Realm Magazine which was started in April 2017.^[105] At that place are many books on the subject of cosplay also.^[106]

Documentaries and reality shows [edit]

• Cosplay Encyclopedia, a 1996 film most Japanese cosplay released by Japan Media Supply. It was released in subtitled VHS past Anime Works in 1999,^[107] eventually being released onto DVD in 2002.^[108]
• Otaku Unite!, a 2004 film almost otaku subculture, features all-encompassing footage of cosplayers.
• Akihabara Geeks, a 2005 Japanese brusk film.^[109]
• Animania: The Documentary ^[110] is a 2007 film that explores the cosplay cultural phenomenon in North America, following four cosplayers from diverse ethnicities every bit they prepare to compete at Anime North, Canada'southward largest anime convention.
• Conventional Dress is a brusque documentary about cosplay at Dragon Con fabricated by Celia Pearce and her students in 2008.^[111]
• Cosplayers: The Movie, released in 2009 by Martell Brothers Studios for free viewing on YouTube^[112] and Crunchyroll,^[113] explores the anime subculture in Northward America with footage from anime conventions and interviews with fans, voice actors and artists.
• "I'm a Fanboy", a 2009 episode of the MTV series Truthful Life, focusing on fandom and cosplay.^[114]
• Fanboy Confessional, a 2011 Space Channel series that featured an episode on cosplay and cosplayers from the perspective of an insider.
• Comic-Con Episode IV: A Fan's Hope, a 2011 picture show about four attendees of the San Diego Comic-Con, including a cosplayer.
• America's Greatest Otaku, a 2011 TV series where contenders included cosplayers.^[115]
• Cosplayers UK: The Movie, a 2011 pic post-obit a small selection of cosplayers at the London MCM Expo.^[116]
• My Other Me: A Film About Cosplayers, chronicling a year in the life of iii unlike cosplayers: a veteran cosplayer who launched a career from cosplay, a young 14-yr-one-time commencement-timer, and a transgender man who found himself through cosplay. It was released in 2013 and was a featured segment on The Electric Playground.^[117]
• Heroes of Cosplay, a reality show on cosplay that premiered in 2013 on the Syfy network. It follows 9 cosplayers as they create their costumes, travel to conventions and compete in contests.^[118]
• "24 Hours With A Comic Con Character", a segment from CNNMoney following around a known cosplayer while she prepared for and attended New York Comic Con.^[119]
• WTF is Cosplay?, a reality show that premiered in 2015 on the Channel 4 network. Information technology follows half dozen cosplayers throughout their twenty-four hour period-to-24-hour interval lives and what cosplay means to them.^[120]
• Call to Cosplay, a competition reality show that premiered in 2014 on Myx Television receiver. It is a cosplay design competition bear witness where contestants were tasked to create a costumes based on theme and time constraints.
• Cosplay Melee, a competition reality evidence on cosplay that premiered in 2017 on the Syfy network.
• Cosplay Civilisation, a 90 minutes documentary that follows cosplayers during preparation and conventions in Canada, Nippon and Romania. Includes a visit of Akihabara (Japan), a geek Mardi Gras parade in New Orleans and a historic overview explaining the origin of cosplay.

Other media [edit]

• Cosplay Circuitous, a 2002 anime miniseries.
• Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!!, a Japanese TV variety show that includes the Cosplay Bus Tour serial segment.
• Super Cosplay State of war Ultra, a 2004 freeware fighting game.
• A large number of erotic and pornographic films featuring cosplaying actresses; many of such films come from the Japanese company TMA.^[121]

Cosplay groups and organizations [edit]

• 501st Legion
• Rebel Legion

See also [edit]

• Anime and manga fandom
• Costume party
• Costumed character
• Escapism
• Fan labor
• Furry fandom
• Halloween costume
• Iga Ueno Ninja Festa
• Japanese pop culture in the United States
• Japanese street fashion
• Listing of cosplayers
• Lolita fashion
• Expect-alike
• Existent-life superhero
• Sexual roleplay
• Uniform fetishism
• Zombie walk

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Mari Kotani's costume has sometimes been misreported as a Triton costume (from the manga Triton of the Sea) due to its visual similarity and because Kotani was known as a member of the TRITON fan club.

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} Stuever, Hank (2000-02-xiv). "What Would Godzilla Say?". The Washington Post . Retrieved 2008-01-03 .
2. ^ ^{a b} "Nobuyuki (Nov) Takahashi " YeinJee's Asian Web log: The Origin of the discussion cosplay". Yeinjee.com. 2008-07-03. Archived from the original on 2012-07-05. Retrieved 2011-ten-03 .
3. ^ ^{a b c} Raymond, Adam Thou. (July 24, 2014). "75 Years Of Capes and Face Paint: A History of Cosplay". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
4. ^ ^{a b c} Kincaid, Chris (October xvi, 2016). "The History of Cosplay". Nippon Powered . Retrieved 2017-04-12 .
5. ^ ^{a b c} Winge, Theresa (2006). "Costuming the Imagination". In Lunning, Frenchy (ed.). Emerging Worlds of Anime and Manga. Vol. 1. Academy of Minnesota Press. pp. 65–76. ISBN9780816649457.
6. ^ Miller, Samuel (1884). Male person Character Costumes.
7. ^ Holt, Ardern (1887). Fancy Dresses Described.
8. ^ "'The Coming Race' and 'Vril-Ya' Bazaar and Fete, in articulation assistance of The W Terminate Hospital, and the Schoolhouse of Massage and Electricity". Regal Albert Hall. 27 August 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
9. ^ Plunkett, Luke (xvi May 2016). "Cosplay Is Over 100 Years Old". kotaku.com . Retrieved 26 Oct 2017.
10. ^ "6 Nerd Culture Stereotypes That Are Style Older Than Yous Call up". Croaky. 8 April 2014. At a masked ball in Monroe, Washington, in 1912, August Olson'due south impressive homemade Skygack costume, complete with notebook, won him first prize and a place on the front page of the local paper.
11. ^ Derrick Bracey (11 June 2015). "Underground Character: Diving Deep into the World of Cosplay". Myrtle Beach Sun. The Past, Present and Future of Cosplay.
12. ^ Miller, Ron (19 September 2013). "Was Mr. Skygack the Kickoff Alien Character in Comics?". io9 . Retrieved 20 September 2013.
13. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} Ashcraft, Brian; Plunkett, Luke (2014). Cosplay World. Prestel Publishing. pp. six–eleven. ISBN9783791349251.
14. ^ Kyle, David (December 2002). "Caravan to the Stars". Mimosa (29).
15. ^ Culp, Jennifer (ix May 2016). "Come across the Adult female Who Invented Cosplay". Racked . Retrieved eleven May 2016.
16. ^ ^{a b c} Painter, Deborah (2010). Forry: The Life of Forrest J Ackerman. McFarland. pp. 37–39. ISBN9780786448845.
17. ^ ^{a b c} Rich, Mark (2009). C.G. Kornbluth: The Life and Works of a Scientific discipline Fiction Visionary. McFarland. p. 69. ISBN9780786457113.
18. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} Resnick, Mike (2015). "Worldcon Masquerades". Always a Fan. Wildside Printing. pp. 106–110. ISBN9781434448149.
19. ^ Ackerman, Forrest J (1965). I Remember Morojo. Archived from the original on 2017-02-08.
20. ^ Speer, John Bristol (1944). Fancyclopedia (1st ed.). Los Angeles: Forrest J Ackerman. p. 21.
21. ^ "Kris Lundi aka Fauna X as a Harpy, Discon Two, 1974". International Costumers' Society, Inc. 2011-06-05. Archived from the original on 2017-02-08.
22. ^ "Discon Two – 1974 WorldCon Masquerades and Costumes". The Fanac Fan History Project. 2007-11-08.
23. ^ Resnick, Mike (April 2000). "Worldcon Memories (part 4)". Mimosa (25).
24. ^ "Scott Shaw! Deuce of Deuces". File 770. February 26, 2013. Retrieved 2017-04-12 .
25. ^ "Scott Shaw as The Turd, LACon I, 1972". International Costumers' Guild, Inc. 2011-09-16. Archived from the original on 2015-10-13.
26. ^ ^{a b} Hansen, Rob. "Early Cosplay: 1930s to 1950s". THEN: The Annal . Retrieved 2017-04-28 .
27. ^ Hansen, Rob. "Early on Cosplay: 1960s". And then: The Archive . Retrieved 2017-04-28 .
28. ^ Hansen, Rob (ed.). "The 1960 Eastercon". THEN: The Archive . Retrieved 2017-04-28 . Based on Mercer, Archie (May 1960). "I Was the Treasurer for the London Con to Finish All Cons". Cactus (5). and Sanderson, Harold Peter (June 1960). "Inchmery Fan Diary". Aporrheta (17).
29. ^ "Star Trek Conventions - Fanlore".
30. ^ ^{a b} Ohwada, Toshiyuki; Kotani, Mari. "Interview: Mari Kotani, Pioneer of Japanese Cosplay - Origins". An Introduction to Japanese Subcultures. Archived from the original on 2017-05-02. Retrieved 2017-05-02 . This is an important office, and so I'd similar to spell it out clearly. In curt, you lot, Ms. Mari, a fellow member of the sci-fi anime fan lodge TRITON, attended a sci-fi convention at a sleepover-manner facility, where you dressed up as a sci-fi character that appeared on the cover of Edgar Rice Burroughs' A Fighting Human of Mars.
31. ^ Thorn, Matthew (2004). "Girls and Women Getting Out of Paw". In Kelly, William W. (ed.). Fanning the Flames: Fans and Consumer Culture in Contemporary Japan. SUNY Press. p. 175. ISBN9780791460320.
32. ^ Takeda, Yasuhiro (2005). The Notenki Memoirs. ADV Manga. ISBN9781413902341.
33. ^ ^{a b} Schelly, Bill (November 7, 2012). "Constitute! 'New' Photos from the 1965 New York Comicon! (office two)". Alter Ego. TwoMorrows Publishing. 3 (83): 69–70.
34. ^ Brownish, Tracy; Lewis, David; Phillips, Jevon; Woerner, Meredith (8 July 2015). "Timeline—Downey Jr. dances, Arnold surprises, Spider-Man rushes the stage: Every year of Comic-Con in 1 giant timeline". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2017-04-06 .
35. ^ Vasseur, Richard; Stevens, Brinke (11 March 2012). "Brinke Stevens Interview". Jazma. Archived from the original on seven April 2017. Retrieved 2017-04-06 .
36. ^ Bozung, Justin; Stevens, Brinke (April 28, 2012). "The Brinke Stevens Interview". The Gentleman'due south Weblog to Midnight Movie theatre.
37. ^ ^{a b c} Collum, Jason Paul (2004). Set on of the Killer B's. McFarland. p. 24. ISBN9780786480418.
38. ^ Samuels, Stuart (1983). Midnight Movies. Collier Books. p. 11. ISBN002081450X.
39. ^ Siegel, Robert. "Making The Rocky Horror Moving picture Bear witness". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
40. ^ ^{a b} Schnaubelt, Karen; Marks, Betsy R. (fourteen July 2016). "The Genesis and Evolution of Costume-Con". costume-con.org . Retrieved 2017-04-11 .
41. ^ Bacon-Smith, Camille (2000). Science Fiction Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 56. ISBN9780812215304.
42. ^ ^{a b c d} Galbraith, Patrick W. (February 2011). "Maid in Japan: An Ethnographic Account of Alternative Intimacy". Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific (25). Retrieved 2017-04-25 .
43. ^ Richter, Shawn (2016-08-05). "Cosplayer Spotlight on Hijabi Hooligan Cosplay". The Curiosity Report . Retrieved 2017-09-26 .
44. ^ "The Muslim cosplayer who uses the hijab in her outfits". BBC. 2017-09-26. Retrieved 2017-09-26 .
45. ^ Craig Hayden (2012). The Rhetoric of Soft Power: Public Affairs in Global Contexts. Lexington Books. p. 115. ISBN978-0-7391-4258-5.
46. ^ Lamerichs, Nicolle (2011). "Stranger than fiction: Fan identity in cosplay". Transformative Works and Cultures. 7. doi:10.3983/twc.2011.0246. Retrieved 2015-11-23 .
47. ^ "Intersections: Cosplay, Lolita and Gender in Nihon and Australia: An Introduction". intersections.anu.edu.au . Retrieved 2015-ten-23 .
48. ^ "Cosplaying With A Disability Is Awesome | Cosplay Dossier | The Escapist". Escapistmagazine.com. 2015-09-29. Retrieved 2016-02-06 .
49. ^ Kirkpatrick, Ellen (2015). "Toward new horizons: Cosplay (re)imagined through the superhero genre, authenticity, and transformation". Transformative Works and Cultures. 18. doi:10.3983/twc.2015.0613. Retrieved 2015-11-23 .
50. ^ "Power Girl and Ivy Cosplay Boost Self Esteem | Cosplay Dossier | The Escapist". Escapistmagazine.com. 2015-x-06. Retrieved 2016-02-06 .
51. ^ "Cosplay and The Benefits of Bravery | Cosplay Dossier | The Escapist". Escapistmagazine.com. 2015-xi-17. Retrieved 2016-02-06 .
52. ^ White, Sarah. "Cosplay Costumes at LoveToKnow Costumes". Costumes.lovetoknow.com. Retrieved 2011-10-03 .
53. ^ "Blacked Out: Discussing cosplay and 'greasepaint'". Nerd Reactor. 29 September 2015. Retrieved 2015-ten-22 .
54. ^ Sharnea Morris (2009-03-26). "Japanese Circle Lens - A Hole-and-corner Fox for Anime Cosplayers". mookychick.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-01-03 .
55. ^ "Skimpy Outfit Gets Lollipop Chainsaw Cosplayer Asked to Change Or Leave PAX Show Floor". Kotaku.com. Retrieved 2013-11-17 .
56. ^ Azliah, Nurul. "Adult female calls police over cosplayer's 'underboob' at anime festival". My.amusement.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2013-eleven-17 .
57. ^ "Cammy cosplayer forced to cover up at CEO, just not by tournament staff". Eventhubs.com. 25 June 2016. Retrieved 2016-06-26 .
58. ^ "A Treasure Trove of Cosplay from the Swinging 1970s [NSFW]". Io9.com. Retrieved 2014-05-16 .
59. ^ "Convention Policies". Phoenix Comicon . Retrieved eight October 2014.
60. ^ "PAX Prime - Seattle, WA Aug 28-31, 2015". Prime.paxsite.com. Retrieved 2015-06-04 .
61. ^ ^{a b c d} "Cosplay Models Real Life Japanime Characters by Cynthia Leigh". Entertainment Scene 360. 2007-03-11. Archived from the original on 2014-05-17. Retrieved 2014-05-16 .
62. ^ Thorn, Matthew (2004) Girls And Women Getting Out Of Hand: The Pleasure And Politics Of Nihon's Amateur Comics Community in Fanning the Flames: Fans and Consumer Culture in Contemporary Japan William W. Kelly, ed., State Academy of New York Press
63. ^ "The All-time european cosplayers see at Nihon Expo for the Finals". European Cosplay Gathering. Retrieved 2014-03-22 .
64. ^ "EuroCosplay Championships | London Comic Con". Mcmcomiccon.com. 2013-10-26. Archived from the original on 2018-01-01. Retrieved 2014-03-22 .
65. ^ "NCC - The Nordic Cosplay Championship". Ncc.narcon.se. Retrieved 2014-03-22 .
66. ^ "World Cosplay Summit Championship Craftsmanship judging regulations". World Cosplay Summit. Retrieved 2016-10-12 .
67. ^ "COSPLAY Contest JUDGING CRITERIA". Cyprus Comic Con. 28 August 2015. Retrieved 2016-x-12 .
68. ^ "ReplayFX Cosplay Competition". Replay FX. Archived from the original on 2016-10-12. Retrieved 2016-ten-12 .
69. ^ "What Is Crossplay And What Does It Say About Gender | Cosplay Dossier | The Escapist". Escapistmagazine.com. 2015-12-01. Retrieved 2016-02-06 .
70. ^ Benesh-Liu, P. (2007, October). ANIME COSPLAY IN AMERICA. Ornament, 31(1), 44-49. Retrieved Oct 12, 2008, from Academic Search Complete database.
71. ^ "Gender Discrimination Against Male Cosplayers | Cosplay Dossier | The Escapist". Escapistmagazine.com. 2016-01-14. Retrieved 2016-02-06 .
72. ^ "Metal Gear's Tranquillity and Cosplay's Complimentary Speech | Cosplay Dossier | The Escapist". Escapistmagazine.com. 2015-10-27. Retrieved 2016-02-06 .
73. ^ "Cosplay and the Normie Stare | Cosplay Dossier | The Escapist". Escapistmagazine.com. 2015-11-03. Retrieved 2016-02-06 .
74. ^ Florian Jomain. "Give up : Prototype Contagion of Networked Bodies" (PDF). Rietveldacademie.nl. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-23. Retrieved 2016-02-06 .
75. ^ "Philly Women Battle Sexual Harassment at Comic-Con". Philadelphia Mag. 2014-07-28. Retrieved 2019-01-28 .
76. ^ Trageser, Claire (2015-07-06). "Women Are Being Sexually Harassed at Comic-Con—merely I of Them Is Making Information technology Stop". Marie Claire . Retrieved 2019-01-28 .
77. ^ Romano, Andrea (15 October 2014). "Cosplay Is Not Consent: The People Fighting Sexual Harassment at Comic Con". Mashable . Retrieved 2019-01-28 .
78. ^ "Comic-Con 2018: The motility to protect cosplayers from harassment in a #MeToo world". The Mercury News. 2018-07-16. Retrieved 2019-01-28 .
79. ^ Woolsey, Brittany (12 July 2015). "At comic cons, some jokers become abroad with harassment". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2019-01-28 .
80. ^ Ore, Jonathan. "'Cosplay is for everyone': How these cosplayers are combating online hate with reimagined looks". CBC Radio. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
81. ^ Strapagiel, Lauren. "This Twitch Streamer Was Suspended For A Blackface Cosplay". Buzzfeed News. BuzzFeed. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
82. ^ "Play a trick on News Study: Sexy Cosplayers Tin Make $200,000 A Year". Cosplay News Network. 2017-08-01. Retrieved 2018-10-ten .
83. ^ ^{a b} Ben Bolling; Matthew J. Smith (12 February 2014). Information technology Happens at Comic-Con: Ethnographic Essays on a Popular Civilization Miracle. McFarland. p. 36. ISBN978-0-7864-7694-vii.
84. ^ Lingle, Samuel (2012-02-01). "Costume designer turns play into piece of work with cosplay". Dailydot.com. Retrieved 2014-05-sixteen .
85. ^ "What Does A Professional Cosplayer Do | Cosplay Dossier | The Escapist". Escapistmagazine.com. 2015-08-25. Retrieved 2016-02-06 .
86. ^ Breen, Jim. "Japanese Dictionary". (search for "cosplay" in English language or "reiyā" in romangi). Archived from the original on January three, 2015. Retrieved January one, 2012.
87. ^ Skov, Lisa; Moeran, Brian (1995). Women, Media and Consumption in Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 220–54.
88. ^ Ashcraft, Brian. "Torso Pigment Makes For Colorful Japanese Style". Kotaku . Retrieved 27 December 2017.
89. ^ What is Comic Market? A presentation past the Comic Market Commission January, 2008 Updated January, 2014
90. ^ "Fine art & Deal Mag " Photo Essay". Retrieved 20 Oct 2014.
91. ^ "The Cosplayers of the Belatedly Ming Dynasty". Gordsellar.com. 2015-05-20. Retrieved 2015-06-04 .
92. ^ "Costumes from Asia". October 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-ten-31.
93. ^ "ConAdian Masquerade rules". September 1994. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21.
94. ^ "Comic Con Cosplay | Why Nosotros Get To NYCC". Cosplay News Network. 2018-09-26. Retrieved 2018-10-10 .
95. ^ "Questions of Race and Cosplay". Kotaku Cosplay . Retrieved 2015-10-22 .
96. ^ "The Controversy of Skin Color in Cosplay: Racism or Not?". Uloop . Retrieved 2015-ten-22 .
97. ^ T (2015-10-13). "Ghostbusters Cosplay is Great Because its Normal | Cosplay Dossier | The Escapist". Escapistmagazine.com . Retrieved 2016-02-06 .
98. ^ "Five Ways of Taking The Hurt Out of Online Cosplay Haters | Cosplay Dossier | The Escapist". Escapistmagazine.com. 2015-xi-24. Retrieved 2016-02-06 .
99. ^ "Understanding Anime Cosplay | Cosplay Dossier | The Escapist". Escapistmagazine.com. 2015-07-28. Retrieved 2016-02-06 .
100. ^ "AMW｜アスキー・メディアワークス 公式ホームページ". Layers.dengeki.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-16. Retrieved 2015-06-10 .
101. ^ "A Costume & Style Mag for the Eccentric - About COSMODE". COSMODE Online. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2011-10-03 .
102. ^ "Cosplay Gen". Cosplay Gen. Retrieved 2011-10-03 .
103. ^ "Cosplay Civilization". Archived from the original on 2015-07-21. Retrieved 2015-07-17 .
104. ^ "CosplayZine". Retrieved 2014-10-twenty .
105. ^ "Cosplay Realm Magazine". Retrieved 2020-11-17 .
106. ^ "Popular Cosplay Books". Goodreads.com. 2015-05-thirteen. Retrieved 2016-02-06 .
107. ^ ANIMEfringe. "Reviews - CosPlay Encyclopedia". ANIMEfringe.com. Retrieved 2015-06-10 .
108. ^ "Cosplay Encyclopedia (2002)". IMDb.com. 7 March 2000. Retrieved 2015-06-10 .
109. ^ "Nippon no genba: Akihabara toshinose no monogatari (2005)". IMDb.com. 27 Dec 2005. Retrieved 2015-06-10 .
110. ^ Published 03/29/2008 (2008-03-29). "Canadian showing of "Animania" documentary nigh anime phenomenon". Firefox.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-07-21 .
111. ^ "Emergent Game Grouping on Vimeo". Vimeo.com. 2009-10-12. Retrieved 2015-06-10 .
112. ^ "Cosplayers UK The Movie - (Full Length Hd Motion-picture show)". YouTube.com. 2014-10-29. Archived from the original on 2021-12-xi. Retrieved 2015-06-10 .
113. ^ "Cosplayers: The Motion-picture show Full episodes streaming online for free". Crunchyroll.com. Retrieved 2015-06-10 .
114. ^ "Anime Expo® and MTV Bandage for Truthful Life". Anime News Network . Retrieved 2011-ten-03 .
115. ^ "Well-nigh America's Greatest Otaku - America's Greatest Otaku". Americasgreatestotaku.com. 2011-02-24. Archived from the original on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2013-12-07 .
116. ^ "Cosplayers UK: The Movie (2011)". IMDb.com. 30 October 2011. Retrieved 2015-06-x .
117. ^ "News: My Other Me: A Film About Cosplayers". Elecplay.com. Retrieved 2012-11-06 .
118. ^ "Heroes of Cosplay". Syfy. Retrieved 2013-09-27 .
119. ^ "24 Hours With A Comic Con Character". CNN. Retrieved 2014-10-22 .
120. ^ "WTF is Cosplay?". Aqueduct 4. Retrieved 2015-07-16 .
121. ^ Brian Ashcraft. "Japanese Porn Is Overdosing on Video Games and Anime". Kotaku.com. Retrieved 2014-06-xvi .

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Eatables has media related to Cosplay.

• Cosplay at Curlie

External video
[ane] A cinéma vérité view of participants in the 2017 [[Nihon Ultra}]]

giddensevic1955.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosplay

Share this post